Highlights•The three-factor framework describes various learning rules in a unified
way.•Third factors can encode reward, attention, summary statistics, or supervised …

Most elementary behaviors such as moving the arm to grasp an object or walking into the
next room to explore a museum evolve on the time scale of seconds; in contrast, neuronal …

Classical Hebbian learning puts the emphasis on joint pre-and postsynaptic activity, but
neglects the potential role of neuromodulators. Since neuromodulators convey information …

Plasticity is a universal property of synapses. It is expressed in a variety of forms mediated
by a multitude of mechanisms. Here we consider two broad kinds of plasticity that differ in …

We explore a synaptic plasticity model that incorporates recent findings that potentiation and
depression can be induced by precisely timed pairs of synaptic events and postsynaptic …

Recent experiments have shown that spike-timing-dependent plasticity is influenced by
neuromodulation. We derive theoretical conditions for successful learning of reward-related …

Triggered by recent experimental results, temporally asymmetric Hebbian (TAH) plasticity is
considered as a candidate model for the biological implementation of competitive synaptic …

Synaptic plasticity provides the basis for most models of learning, memory and development
in neural circuits. To generate realistic results, synapse-specific Hebbian forms of plasticity …

Synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent change in neuronal connection strength, has long
been considered an important component of learning and memory. Computational and …

We review a body of theoretical and experimental research on Hebbian and homeostatic
plasticity, starting from a puzzling observation: while homeostasis of synapses found in …