The human body requires energy for numerous functions including, growth, thermogenesis,
reproduction, cellular maintenance, and movement. In sports nutrition, energy availability …

This chapter discusses the most general nutritional requirement affecting an athlete's body
mass, composition, and fuel stores, namely energy. Necessarily, this discussion of energy …

Previous intervention studies suggest that leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),
and triiodthyronine (T3) are sensitive markers of inadequate energy intake in relation to …

This review updates and complements the review of energy balance and body composition
in the Proceedings of the 2003 IOC Consensus Conference on Sports Nutrition. It argues …

Abstract Clinical Sports Nutrition, third edition, is the definitive reference book for sports
nutrition professionals, sports medicine practitioners, coaches, trainers and students of …

The term Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport was introduced by the International Olympic
Committee in 2014. It refers to the potential health and performance consequences of …

Each athlete has unique energy requirements, which underpin their ability to meet total
nutritional goals. For everyday dietary planning and evaluation, energy requirements can be …

Energy availability (EA) is defined as the amount of dietary energy available to sustain
physiological function after subtracting the energetic cost of exercise. Insufficient EA due to …

Many athletes, especially female athletes and participants in endurance and aesthetic sports
and sports with weight classes, are chronically energy deficient. This energy deficiency …

The reported prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) in female and male track and field
athletes is between 18% and 58% with the highest prevalence among athletes in endurance …