The adaptive regulation of fear memories is a crucial neural function that prevents
inappropriate fear expression. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear …

In contextual fear conditioning, experimental subjects learn to associate a neutral context
with an aversive stimulus and display fear responses to a context that predicts danger …

Contextual fear memory becomes less context-specific over time, a phenomenon referred to
as contextual fear generalization. Overgeneralization of contextual fear memory is a core …

Learned fear often relapses after extinction, suggesting that extinction training generates a
new memory that coexists with the original fear memory; however, the mechanisms …

Fear conditioning is a popular model for investigating physiological and cellular
mechanisms of memory formation. In this paradigm, a footshock is either systematically …

Memories for context become less specific with time resulting in animals generalizing fear
from training contexts to novel contexts. Though much attention has been given to the neural …

The acquisition and retrieval of contextual fear memory requires coordinated neural activity
in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala. The contextual …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the extinction of emotional
memories, including conditioned fear. We found that ventral hippocampal (vHPC) …

Knowing when and where to express fear is essential to survival. Recent work in fear
extinction paradigms reveals that the contextual regulation of fear involves a neural network …

Acquisition and extinction of learned fear responses utilize conserved but flexible neural
circuits. Here we show that acquisition of conditioned freezing behavior is associated with …