Simple Summary Radiotherapy with carbon ions has been used for over 20 years in Asia
and Europe and is now planned in the USA. The physics advantages of carbon ions …

Among various types of ion species, carbon ions are considered to have the most balanced,
optimal properties in terms of possessing physically and biologically effective dose …

This book is based on approximately 20 years of clinical experience with carbon-ion
radiotherapy at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) and a review of …

Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) possesses physical and biological advantages. It was
started at NIRS in 1994 using the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC); since …

In June 1994, the world's first clinical center offering carbon ion radiotherapy opened at the
National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS), Japan. Among several types of ion …

In cancer treatment, the introduction of MeV bremsstrahlung photons has been instrumental
in delivering higher doses to deep-seated tumours, while reducing the doses absorbed by …

Charged particles can achieve better dose distribution and higher biological effectiveness
compared to photon radiotherapy. Carbon ions are considered an optimal candidate for …

Charged particle therapy is generally regarded as cutting-edge technology in oncology.
Many proton therapy centres are active in the USA, Europe, and Asia, but only a few centres …

Radiation therapy is one of the most widely used therapies for malignancies. The
therapeutic use of heavy ions, such as carbon, has gained significant interest due to …

Radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer is undergoing an evolution, shifting to the use of
heavier ion species. For a plethora of malignancies, current radiotherapy using photons or …