The eponymous member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, IRF1, was originally
identified as a nuclear factor that binds and activates the promoters of type I interferon …

Rapid induction of type I interferon (IFN) expression is a central event in the establishment of
the innate immune response against viral infection and requires the activation of multiple …

Transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family commands the entire type
I interferon (IFN) system from induction of IFNs to diverse IFN responses, thereby providing a …

The interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) family, originally identified as transcriptional regulators
of the type I interferon system, consists of nine members in mammals. A large number of …

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) constitute a family of transcription factors that commonly
possess a novel helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. Following the initial identification of two …

Activation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) is an essential
event in the innate immune response to viral infection. To understand the contribution of IRF …

Interferons (IFNs) are a broad class of cytokines elicited on challenge to the host defense
and are essential for mobilizing immune responses to pathogens. Divided into three classes …

Type I and III interferons (IFNs) activate similar downstream signaling cascades, but unlike
type I IFNs, type III IFNs (IFNλ) do not elicit strong inflammatory responses in vivo. Here, we …

Interferons are a large family of multifunctional secreted proteins involved in antiviral
defense, cell growth regulation and immune activation. Viral infection induces transcription …

Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) is an integral transcription factor in mediating the type I
interferon antiviral response, as part of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3. However, the …