An important explanation for the underrepresentation of women in legislatures may be
incumbency. When the vast majority of incumbents are men, as is the case in most national …

When women run in general elections for the US House of Representatives, they win at
approximately the same rates as their male counterparts. With the exception of studies of …

Despite dramatic progress in winning election to political office, women remain
underrepresented at all levels of government in the USA. A great deal of research has …

Why has the integration of women into elective office, particularly Congress, been so slow?
We argue that incumbency and the general lack of competition in American elections serve …

Previous research suggests that women tend to be marginalized in legislatures or denied
access to important agenda-setting resources that reduce their effectiveness as legislators …

Women's representation in executive office continues to lag behind that of their female peers
in legislatures, and several studies find women face an executive glass ceiling. One way to …

Women remain dramatically underrepresented in elective office, including in entry-level
political offices. While they enjoy the freedom to stand for office and therefore have an equal …

This essay focuses on three questions: Why are so few women elected to public office in the
United States? What theories might best explain that? Are the theories that explain patterns …

Between the 1999 and 2009 elections the proportion of national female legislators in
Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim majority democracy, more than doubled. While this …

This article analyzes the role of political parties in shaping women's representation across
the US states. Using data from 1971 to 1999, I analyze several hypotheses about how party …