Confidence judgments are typically less informative about one's accuracy than they could
be; a phenomenon we call metacognitive inefficiency. We review the existence of different …

Humans have the metacognitive ability to judge the accuracy of their own decisions via
confidence ratings. A substantial body of research has demonstrated that human …

The ability to recognize one's own successful cognitive processing, in eg, perceptual or
memory tasks, is often referred to as metacognition. How should we quantitatively measure …

People are capable of robust evaluations of their decisions: they are often aware of their
mistakes even without explicit feedback, and report levels of confidence in their decisions …

In this chapter, we discuss several methodological issues concerning metacognitive
accuracy. These issues are of importance because they could serve to qualify interpretation …

Ability in various cognitive domains is often assessed by measuring task performance, such
as the accuracy of a perceptual categorization. A similar analysis can be applied to …

In many situations, actively engaging in metacognition may improve cognitive achievement
and subjective well-being. However, the potential disadvantages of metacognitive …

Is metacognition a general resource shared across domains? Previous research has
documented consistent biases in judgments across tasks. In contrast, there is debate …

An important yet unresolved question is whether or not metacognition consists of domain-
general or domain-specific mechanisms. While most studies on this topic suggest a …

Metacognitive efficiency quantifies people's ability to introspect into their own decision
making relative to their ability to perform the primary task. Despite years of research, it is still …