Purpose To investigate the influences of smartphone use on ocular symptoms, status of the
tear film, and oxidative stress indices in the tears and at the ocular surface. Methods Eighty …

Purpose: Smartphone use is now ubiquitous and is associated with a range of ocular and
visual symptoms. However, little is known about the etiology of the symptoms which …

Purpose To evaluate changes in symptoms and tear film characteristics in young computer
users. Methods Fifty-one computer users and 26 controls were evaluated at the beginning …

Purpose In the present study, the visual discomfort induced by smart mobile devices was
assessed in normal and healthy adults. Methods Fifty-nine volunteers (age, 38.16±10.23 …

Smartphone and tablet use in Australia and worldwide is reaching saturation levels and
associated visual and ocular discomfort such as headaches, eyestrain, dry eyes and sore …

Digital display use has been accepted to be implicated as a contributing factor for dry eye
disease (DED). Abnormal blinking during computer operation, including a reduced blink rate …

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical relevance of chronic
exposure to ambient levels of traffic derived air pollution on the ocular surface. METHODS: A …

Purpose: Smartphone use has dramatically increased in recent years. Smartphones may
have adverse health effects, particularly on the eyes, because users stare at the screen for a …

Purpose To evaluate the effect of 0.1%-fluorometholone (FML) on tear inflammatory
molecule levels after 22-days treatment in dry eye disease (DED) patients exposed to an …

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of high levels of environmental air pollution on tear
osmolarity and its possible correlation with clinical signs and symptoms. Methods: This was …