Chimpanzees: Self-Recognition Page 1 studies (1, 8) have employed broad band rather than
monochromatic filters, and therefore do not test these predictions. ALAN L. PEARLMAN* NIGEL …

Each of three pigeons used a mirror to locate a spot on its body which it could not see
directly. Although similar behavior in primates has been attributed to a self-concept or other …

Two young chimpanzees showed retention of self‐recognition after 1 year without access to
mirrors. A year earlier the animals were positive on the Gallup dye test. One year later they …

Recognition of one's own reflection in a mirror qualifies as an objective test of self-
awareness. Although most primates appear incapable of learning that their behavior is the …

A group of seven pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) was tested for their mirror-image
reactions during a ten-day experiment. The time spent viewing the mirror waned quickly …

To date only chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans have been found capable of
recognizing themselves in mirrors. In an attempt to provide a more definitive test of the …

Self-recognition has been explored in nonlinguistic organisms by recording whether
individuals touch a dye-marked area on visually inaccessible parts of their face while …

When a chimpanzee is presented with a mirror it initially responds with social behavior
directed toward the reflection. After several hours of exposure to the mirror the social …

Two zoo‐reared gorillas were each given nearly 400 h of mirror exposure. Extensive mirror
gazing and social behaviors were exhibited, the frequency of which decreased gradually …

To date, chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans are the only species which have been
shown capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors. In an attempt to make the identity of the …