When faced with a problem or choice, humans can use two different strategies:“cognitive
reflectivity,” which involves slow responses and fewer mistakes, or “cognitive impulsivity,” …

This study focuses on performance differences individuals show when solving a
computerized spatial-orientation dynamic task, irrespective of their cognitive ability. The …

The concept of tolerance of ambiguity (AT) is defined as the way in which an individual tends
to perceive and deal with confusing, vague, and unclear situations. AT is generally …

Performance on heuristics and bias tasks has been shown to be susceptible to bias. In turn,
susceptibility to bias varies as a function of individual differences in cognitive abilities (eg …

Recent research shows that congruent outcomes are more rapidly (and incongruent less
rapidly) detected when individuals receive optimistic rather than pessimistic cues, an effect …

We used voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional magnetic resonance
imaging (rs-fMRI) to investigate whether the regulatory mode orientation of assessment (the …

Individuals often anticipate an unrealistically favorable future for themselves (personal
optimism bias) or others (social optimism bias). While such biases are well established, little …

Loss-aversion behaviors reflect individuals' personal preference bias when they meet
uncertainties and measure the potential gains and losses of the uncertain situations before …

Negative urgency (the tendency to engage in rash, ill-considered action in response to
intense negative emotions), is a personality trait that has been linked to problematic …

Dispositional optimism is an important product of human evolution. This individual difference
variable plays a core role in human experience. Dispositional optimism is beneficial to …