Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in women
worldwide. While BrCa treatment has been shown to be highly successful if detected at an …

Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of cancer related death in women. While current
diagnostic modalities provide opportunities for early medical intervention, significant …

Background Immunotherapy has recently been proposed as a promising treatment to stop
breast cancer (BrCa) progression and metastasis. However, there has been limited success …

The term “immune privilege” was originally coined to describe the suppression of
inflammatory responses within organs protected by anatomic barriers, ie, the eyes, brain …

Simple Summary The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a biochemical pathway that synthesizes
the vital coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In cancer, the KP is …

Introduction The activation of the kynurenine pathway in cancer progression and metastasis
through immunomodulatory pathways has drawn attention to the potential for kynurenine …

Simple Summary The kynurenine pathway has two main physiological roles:(i) it protects
specific organs such as the eyes and placenta from strong immune reactions and (ii) it …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main catabolic pathway of the essential amino acid
tryptophan. The KP has been identified to play a critical role in regulating immune responses …

Abstract Treatment of cancers has always been a challenge for physicians. Typically,
several groups of anti-cancer medications are needed for effective management of an …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principal route of L-tryptophan (TRP) catabolism leading
to the production of kynurenine (KYN), the neuroprotectants, kynurenic acid (KYNA) and …