The main goal of longitudinal ventilation in case of fire in bi-directional road tunnel is to
maintain smoke stratification, which is necessary for safe evacuation of people. This study …

This paper investigates smoke movement and its stratification in a lay-by of a 900 m long
road tunnel by computer simulation using Fire Dynamics Simulator. The lay-by is located …

Jet fan ventilation strategy in case of fire in bi-directional road tunnels is focused on
maintaining smoke stratification. There are several factors influencing stratification under …

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the fire safety in tunnels with bi-directional and/or
congested unidirectional traffic where there may be people on both sides of the fire …

Emergency smoke ventilation for a uni–directional traffic road tunnel is studied using a CFD
modelling approach. Fire scenarios in an uphill ramp for congested traffic conditions have …

When a fire occurs in a tunnel, it is of great importance to assure the safety of the occupants
of the tunnel. This is achieved by creating smoke-free spaces in the tunnel through control of …

To evaluate the in-place emergency ventilation strategies of an existing road tunnel, CFD
simulations have been carried out for a number of fire scenarios. The objective of these …

A study has been conducted at the National Research Council of Canada to evaluate the
effectiveness of in-place emergency ventilation strategies to control smoke spread in the …

Ventilation is an efficient method to keep the fire induced smoke dispersion under control in
tunnel fires. Critical ventilation velocity (U c), defined as the minimum longitudinal velocity to …

Japan and Europe have adopted significantly different ventilation modes with regard to
traffic conditions (with or without congestion). This study focuses on the smoke behavior of …