Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat leading to a plethora of medical
complications, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or …

Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues
in the body. Our bodies rely on complex inter-organ communications to adapt to …

Immoderate energy intake, a sedentary lifestyle, and aging have contributed to the
increased prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and …

Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and
contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular …

The prevalence of obesity is escalating and has become a worldwide health challenge
coinciding with the development of metabolic diseases. Emerging evidence has shown that …

Sarcopenia is a disease that becomes more prevalent as the population ages, since it is
directly linked to the process of senility, which courses with muscle atrophy and loss of …

Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce
adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to …

Disentangling the neuroendocrine systems, which regulate energy homeostasis and
adiposity, has been a long-standing challenge in pathophysiology, with obesity as an …

The current global obesity pandemic is the leading cause for the soaring rates of metabolic
diseases, especially diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and non-alcoholic …

Obesity, characterized by chronic activation of inflammatory pathways, is a critical factor
contributing to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Free fatty acids (FFAs) are …