The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has helped us to understand how innate immunity is
activated. In addition to the Toll receptor and the Toll signaling pathway, the Drosophila …

The IMD pathway signaling plays a pivotal role in the Drosophila defense against bacteria.
During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in identifying the …

Drosophila protects itself from infection by microbial organisms by means of its pivotal
defense, the so-called innate immunity system. This is its sole defense as it lacks an …

The innate immune response is the first line of defense against microbial infections in both
insects and mammals. Systematic analysis of the innate immune response in the model …

The humoral arm of host defense in Drosophila relies on two evolutionarily conserved NFκB
signaling cascades, the Toll and the immune deficiency (Imd) pathways. The Imd signaling …

Recent studies of Drosophila immune responses have defined the immune deficiency (IMD)
signaling pathway that mediates defense against Gram-negative bacterial infection. Like the …

Insects such as Drosophila rely entirely on innate immune responses to combat microbial
pathogens. In particular, infection leads to the rapid and massive activation of anti‐microbial …

Insects mount a robust innate immune response against a wide array of microbial
pathogens. The hallmark of the Drosophila humoral immune response is the rapid …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Toll signaling pathway has an evolutionarily
conserved role in controlling immune responses. Whereas the microbial recognition …

Genetic analysis of the innate immune response in Drosophila has provided important
insights into the mechanism of microbial sensing and the subsequent host signalling events …