We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

Recent assessments of climate sensitivity per doubling of atmospheric CO 2 concentration
have combined likelihoods derived from multiple lines of evidence. These assessments …

Climate sensitivity to doubled CO2 is a widely used metric for the large-scale response to
external forcing. Climate models predict a wide range for two commonly used definitions: the …

Equilibrium climate sensitivity characterizes the Earth's long-term global temperature
response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. It has reached almost iconic status …

The term 'feedback'is used ubiquitously in climate research, but implies varied meanings in
different contexts. From a specific process that locally affects a quantity, to a formal …

Climate sensitivity has been subjectively estimated to be likely to lie in the range of 1.5–4.5°
C, and this uncertainty contributes a substantial part of the total uncertainty in climate …

Any attempt to estimate climate sensitivity using observations requires a set of models or
model‐versions that simultaneously predict both climate sensitivity and some observable …

Recent attempts to diagnose equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) from changes in Earth's
energy budget point toward values at the low end of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate …

Assessing the impact of future anthropogenic carbon emissions is currently impeded by
uncertainties in our knowledge of equilibrium climate sensitivity to atmospheric carbon …

The concept of Earth's Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) is reviewed. A particular
problem in quantifying plausible bounds for ECS has been how to account for all of the …