The number of urban tunnels has been increasing rapidly, accompanied by frequent tunnel
fire accidents owing to the complex tunnel structure and large traffic flow. In this study, a full …

As an enclosed and normally crowded environment, underground rail station is a dangerous
place when fire emergency happens. Traditional methods usually adopt simulation or drill to …

When a fire breaks out in a tunnel, smoke diffuses widely in the direction of the ventilation
airflow. As a result, the evacuation environment may not be sufficiently safe during a fire …

The simulation model Tunev (tunnel evacuation) was developed for people's evacuation in
tunnel fire. It contains simple database of the people's behavioral reaction and structure …

We have developed an appropriate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for
assessing the exposure to risk of tunnel users during their evacuation process in the event of …

This study proposes a quantitative method for assessing road tunnel fire safety based on a
numerical simulation of in-smoke evacuation. Considering evacuation in tunnels which is a …

Rescue and evacuation of underground interchange tunnels after a fire are challenging.
Therefore, a method of integrating building information modeling (BIM) and a fire dynamic …

With a view to enhance road network's safety, it is crucial to focus primarily on its critical
infrastructures, one part of which is tunnels. Fire safety of tunnels concerned intensely the …

The paper presents a study on the characteristics of tunnel fires during construction. A model-
scale tunnel was built and fire tests were conducted. The tunnel consists of an inclined …

A fire outbreak in a urban tunnel with congested traffic may pose a great danger to all tunnel
users. The main threat to human life in an urban tunnel fire is thick toxic smoke quickly filling …