Most blockchains are entirely open-source software. This gives auditors ability to review the
security of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Because only after the source code of the …

A smart contract is a self-executing program on a blockchain to ensure an immutable and
transparent agreement without the involvement of intermediaries. Despite its growing …

Smart contracts running on blockchains have emerged as an indispensable mechanism to
enhance trust, security, transparency and traceability of data shared among critical …

Smart contracts are the back-end programs of blockchain-based applications and the
execution results are deterministic and publicly visible. Developers are unwilling to release …

Blockchain has been praised for its capacity to hold data in a decentralized and tamper-
proof way. It also supports the execution of code through blockchain's smart contracts …

Blockchain users are identified by addresses (public keys), which cannot be easily linked
back to them without out‐of‐network information. This provides pseudo‐anonymity, which is …

The immutable feature of blockchain determines that traditional security response
mechanisms (eg, code patching) must change to remedy insecure smart contracts. The only …

As an essential component in Ethereum and other blockchains, token assets have been
interacted with by diverse smart contracts. Effective permission policies of smart contracts …

Blockchain smart contracts are prevalent nowadays as numerous applications are
developed based on this feature. Though smart contracts are important and widely used …

In recent years, smart contracts have suffered major exploits, losing millions of dollars.
Unlike traditional programs, smart contracts cannot be updated once deployed. Though …