Recent developments in organization theory about arrangements that are neither markets
nor hierarchies provide an opportunity to reconsider the nature of cooperatives and their …

Agricultural cooperatives have strong market positions in agri-food industries, in many
countries. In recent decades we have witnessed significant changes in competition …

The variety of solutions to organize economic activities is striking, and underexplored. This
paper proposes a framework that combines transaction cost and relational contracts models …

What is a cooperative? Until the early 1960s much of the theoretical debate focused on
whether cooperatives represented a form of vertical integration by farmers, that is, an …

What is a cooperative? Is it a form of vertical integration, an independent organization or an
intermediate form of governance between the market and the hierarchy? This paper …

Cooperatives compete in farm‐supply and marketing industries with investor‐owned
enterprises. Cooperatives' shares should depend on their distinctive organization: dealing …

In the 1950s and 1960s there was a debate about the nature of an agricultural cooperative:
the cooperative as extension of the farm, the cooperative as vertical integration or the …

This article addresses two observations regarding the board of directors in agricultural
cooperatives. First, it is sometimes stated that cooperatives seem to behave like ordinary …

A large share of the agricultural cooperatives currently operating in both the European
Union and North America have attributes that coincide with the characteristics of the …

A cooperative business consists of a cooperative society and a cooperative business firm.
The society of members intends to control the business in such a way as to focus the …