Energy limitation is one of the intrinsic shortcomings of wireless sensor networks (WSNs),
although it has been widely applied in disaster response, battlefield surveillance, wildfire …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an important and promising technology
owing to their wide range of applications in disaster response, battle field surveillance …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are self-organizing monitoring networks with a large
number of randomly deployed micro sensor nodes to collect various physical information so …

The energy constraint is one of the inherent defects of the Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSNs). How to prolong the lifespan of the network has attracted more and more attention …

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Clustering process is widely utilized for increasing the
lifespan with sustained energy stability during data transmission. Several clustering …

Sensor Nodes play a major role to monitor and sense the variations in physical space in
various real-time application scenarios. These nodes are powered by limited battery …

The energy-efficiency is the primary design issue, which greatly affects the lifetime of
Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs). The hierarchical-based routing is a feasible solution for …

One of the significant approaches in implementing the routing of WSNs is clustering that
leads to scalability and extending of network lifetime. In the clustered WSN, cluster heads …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used for recording the information from the physical
surroundings and transmitting the gathered records to a principal location via extensively …

Abstract In Wireless Sensor Networks, network lifetime optimization has challenging and
significant issue. Subsequently, most of the existing works delineate several factors to …