Researchers on inequalities in representation debate about whether governments represent
the preferences of the rich better than those of less affluent citizens. We argue that problems …

Over the past decade, a large number of studies have shown that in advanced democracies
policymakers are more likely to represent the preferences of high-income citizens than the …

This paper explores a major road to substantive representation in democracies, by clarifying
whether demands of rich and poor citizens are taken up in the electoral platforms of political …

While equal political representation of all citizens is a fundamental democratic goal, it is
hampered empirically in a multitude of ways. This study examines how the societal level of …

The principle of equal political representation can be undermined by differences in
economic resources among citizens. Poor citizens are likely to hold policy preferences that …

Income and class biases in political representation have attracted a great deal of scholarly
attention in recent years. The reasons are understandable: since the 1980s, very few …

ABSTRACT A growing body of research has documented political inequality along class
lines at different stages of the representation process. This article contributes to our …

Do elected representatives reflect the preferences of the citizens they represent? Recent
studies from the United States and a number of other democracies have found that …

Previous research has shown that elected officials are more responsive to the opinions of
high-income citizens than to those of middle and working-class citizens in the United States …

Scholars and commentators increasingly wonder whether governments' failure to address
socio‐economic inequalities is the result of unequal representation. Recent literature on …