Zero-knowledge proof meets machine learning in verifiability: A survey

Z Xing, Z Zhang, J Liu, Z Zhang, M Li, L Zhu… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, the usage of machine
learning models is gradually becoming part of our daily lives. High-quality models rely not …

Zero-knowledge proofs of training for deep neural networks

K Abbaszadeh, C Pappas, D Papadopoulos… - Cryptology ePrint …, 2024 - eprint.iacr.org
A zero-knowledge proof of training (zkPoT) enables a party to prove that they have correctly
trained a committed model based on a committed dataset without revealing any additional …

ZKML: An Optimizing System for ML Inference in Zero-Knowledge Proofs

BJ Chen, S Waiwitlikhit, I Stoica, D Kang - Proceedings of the Nineteenth …, 2024 - dl.acm.org
Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used behind closed systems and APIs to make
important decisions. For example, social media uses ML-based recommendation algorithms …

Experimenting with zero-knowledge proofs of training

S Garg, A Goel, S Jha, S Mahloujifar… - Proceedings of the …, 2023 - dl.acm.org
How can a model owner prove they trained their model according to the correct
specification? More importantly, how can they do so while preserving the privacy of the …

Validating the integrity of convolutional neural network predictions based on zero-knowledge proof

Y Fan, B Xu, L Zhang, J Song, A Zomaya, KC Li - Information Sciences, 2023 - Elsevier
Abstract Machine Learning as a Service can provide outsourced deep learning model
prediction services to clients that do not have computing resources. Meanwhile, the integrity …

Zero knowledge proofs for decision tree predictions and accuracy

J Zhang, Z Fang, Y Zhang, D Song - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM …, 2020 - dl.acm.org
Machine learning has become increasingly prominent and is widely used in various
applications in practice. Despite its great success, the integrity of machine learning …

ZkDL: Efficient zero-knowledge proofs of deep learning training

H Sun, T Bai, J Li, H Zhang - Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2023 - eprint.iacr.org
The recent advancements in deep learning have brought about significant changes in
various aspects of people's lives. Meanwhile, these rapid developments have raised …

Scaling up trustless DNN inference with zero-knowledge proofs

D Kang, T Hashimoto, I Stoica, Y Sun - arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.08674, 2022 - arxiv.org
As ML models have increased in capabilities and accuracy, so has the complexity of their
deployments. Increasingly, ML model consumers are turning to service providers to serve …

“adversarial examples” for proof-of-learning

R Zhang, J Liu, Y Ding, Z Wang, Q Wu… - 2022 IEEE Symposium …, 2022 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
In S&P 21, Jia et al. proposed a new concept/mechanism named proof-of-learning (PoL),
which allows a prover to demonstrate ownership of a machine learning model by proving …

ezDPS: an efficient and zero-knowledge machine learning inference pipeline

H Wang, T Hoang - arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.05428, 2022 - arxiv.org
Machine Learning as a service (MLaaS) permits resource-limited clients to access powerful
data analytics services ubiquitously. Despite its merits, MLaaS poses significant concerns …