The concrete and natural seawater have a complex relationship between them, which
requires special attention. Therefore, various studies have been conducted to consider the …

Concrete production requires a large amount of water which causes a shortage of natural
freshwater. Conversely, seawater in concrete can improve sustainability in construction by …

According to the report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), more than half of
the world's population will not have enough drinking water by 2025. To save drinking water …

Due to the shortage of fresh water and river sand, many countries use seawater and sea
sand as substitutes for concrete pouring to promote the sustainable development of the …

This paper presents a critical review of existing studies on the effects of using sea-sand
and/or seawater as raw materials of concrete on the properties of the resulting concrete …

Several billion tons of water is annually used as mixing, curing and cleaning around the
world, in concrete industry. As there is a scarcity of fresh drinkable water around the world; …

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out on strength and
durability properties of plain and blended cement concrete exposed to sea water. The mix …

In this study, effects of cement type, cement content and water/cement (W/C) ratio level on
the sea water resistance of concrete were investigated. Test samples were exposed to sea …

With the continuous increase of infrastructural construction worldwide, the supply of river
sand and fresh water for making concrete encountered enormous shortage, especially for …

Compressive strength, mineralogy, chloride ingress, and corrosion of steel bars embedded
in concrete made with seawater and tap water are summarized here based on the several …