Automated vehicles (AVs) enable driver-passengers to perform non-driving related tasks
(NDRTs). However, it remains unclear if and how they would engage with NDRTs …

Engaging in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) while driving can be considered distracting
and safety detrimental. However, with the introduction of highly automated driving systems …

The continued development of automated driving systems (ADS) has led to the mainstream
perspective that the ADS will relieve drivers from the role of active driving, leaving them with …

Abstract Automated Driving Systems (ADS)(SAE, 2021), promise improved safety and
comfort for drivers. Current technological advances have resulted in increased automation …

Highly automated vehicles (AVs) have the potential to improve the journey experience for all
users by allowing them to partake in Non-Driving Related Tasks (NDRTs). Using a 42 …

Research mostly focuses on the period of automated driving and the transition back to
manual driving, while overlooking the period before the activation of a conditionally …

Partially automated driving (PAD, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) level 2) features
provide steering and brake/acceleration support, while the driver must constantly supervise …

Vehicle automation promises to reduce the demands of the driving task, making driving less
fatiguing, more convenient, and safer. Nevertheless, Level 3 automated vehicles rely on a …

Increasingly, many of today's vehicles offer Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) partially
automated driving (PAD) and a limited number of SAE conditionally automated vehicles …

After activation of a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Level 3 automated driving
function (SAE International, 2021), the function takes over the driving task and the human …