Acoustic positioning of the seafloor geodetic network is subject to the complex ocean
environment. The measurements are strongly affected by time-varying and location-varying …

Global Navigation Satellite System—Acoustic (GNSS-A) positioning is the main technique
for seafloor geodetic positioning. A transceiver lever arm offset and sound velocity bias in …

Seafloor geodetic network construction involves the development of geodetic station shelter,
network configuration design, location selection and layout, surveying strategy, observation …

Abstract In-field Sound Speed Profile (SSP) measurement is still indispensable for achieving
centimeter-level-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-Acoustic (GNSS-A) …

Seafloor transponder coordinates are determined by measurements between a ship-borne
GNSS-acoustic transducer and the transponder. Differencing techniques can be applied to …

The position of a seafloor geodetic station can be determined by combining Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and acoustic technologies, called GNSS-acoustic …

Global Navigation Satellite System–Acoustic ranging combined seafloor geodetic technique
(GNSS-A) has extended the geodetic observation network into the ocean. The key issue for …

The precision of GPS/acoustic seafloor positioning was improved by introducing a hull-
mounted onboard system in March 2008, which allows us to conduct acoustic ranging …

Global navigation satellite system/acoustic (GNSS/A) underwater positioning technique has
drawn increasing attention in the fields of marine scientific research and engineering …

We have been developing a system for detecting seafloor crustal movement by combining
kinematic GPS and acoustic ranging techniques. A linear inversion method is adopted to …