BACKGROUND Infertility and pregnancy loss are longstanding problems. Successful
fertilization and high-quality embryos are prerequisites for an ongoing pregnancy. Studies …

BACKGROUND Total fertilization failure (TFF) is the failure of all metaphase II oocytes to
fertilize in ART cycles. The phenomenon represents a known cause of infertility, affecting 1 …

Successful human reproduction requires gamete maturation, fertilization, and early
embryonic development. Human oocyte maturation includes nuclear and cytoplasmic …

BACKGROUND Infertility is a major issue in human reproductive health, affecting an
estimated 15% of couples worldwide. Infertility can result from disorders of sex development …

Idiopathic or “unexplained” infertility represents as many as 30% of infertility cases
worldwide. Conception, implantation, and term delivery of developmentally healthy infants …

Various pathogenic factors can lead to oogenesis failure and seriously affect both female
reproductive health and fertility. Genetic factors play an important role in folliculogenesis and …

BACKGROUND Infertility affects between 10 and 16% of couples worldwide. Twenty to 30%
of cases of infertility are due to a male factor, 20–35% to a female factor, and 25–40% are …

Reproduction involves a wide range of biological processes, including organ formation and
development, neuroendocrine regulation, hormone production, and meiosis and mitosis …

Fertilization involves a series of molecular events immediately following egg–sperm fusion;
Ca2+ oscillations are the earliest signaling event, and they initiate the downstream reactions …

About 10% of women of reproductive age are unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy to
term. Female factors alone account for at least 35% of all infertility cases and comprise a …