Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membranous vesicles secreted by living
cells that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes as intermediaries …

Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly become the focus of
research due to their unique characteristics and bioinspired applications. They are lipid …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as a mode of intercellular communication and
molecular transfer to elicit diverse biological/functional response. Accumulating evidence …

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has been observed in numerous preclinical and
clinical studies for showing benefits. However, due to the unpredictable outcomes and low …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released by cells into the extracellular
space. EVs mediate cell-to-cell communication through local and systemic transportation of …

Tumor immunotherapy has transformed neoplastic disease management, yet low response
rates and immune complications persist as major challenges. Extracellular vesicles …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biocompatible, nano‐sized secreted vesicles containing
many types of biomolecules, including proteins, RNAs, DNAs, lipids, and metabolites. Their …

Cytokines are soluble factors that play vital roles in systemic function due to their ability to
initiate and mediate cell-to-cell communication. Another important mechanism of …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells within the tumor microenvironment,
such as endothelial cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and immune system cells …

Although immunotherapy harnessing activity of the immune system against tumors has
made great progress, the treatment efficacy remains limited in most cancers. Current …