Existing research has begun to tackle the electoral consequences of affective polarization
through the lens of negative partisanship. However, not equal attention has been paid to …

About one third of American voters cast a vote more “against” than “for” a candidate in the
2020 Presidential election. This pattern, designated by negative voting, has been initially …

ABSTRACT Across Europe and the United States, negative party identification–an abiding
aversion to a particular opposing political party is on the rise. At the same time, satisfaction …

Why do voters vote for undemocratic politicians in a democracy? My chief contention is that
affective polarization has become a primary factor driving support for undemocratic …

Recent developments in Western societies have motivated a growing consideration of the
role of negativity in public opinion and political behavior research. In this article, we review …

Research has suggested that affective polarization (AP)—the extent to which partisans view
each other as a disliked out-group—has increased, especially in two-party political systems …

While positive party identification is one of the most used concepts in election studies,
negative partisanship (NPID) is rarely analyzed. Evidence from two-party systems or settings …

This paper contributes to a growing body of literature on affective polarization by examining
the understudied role of party rhetoric on partisan divides in the electorate. Despite a recent …

Negative partisanship captures the notion that disdain for the opposing party is not
necessarily accompanied by strong in-party attachments. Yet, lack of a theoretical framework …

Research on affective polarization–that is, dislike and hostility across party lines–originated
in the study of the American two-party system and only recently traveled into multiparty …