This paper employs data from selected sample survey areas in the northern Fertile Crescent
to demonstrate how initial urbanization developed along several pathways. The first, during …

This paper considers the economic and environmental impacts of emerging regional
commerce that accompanied the rise and collapse of early Near Eastern urbanism. We …

The mid-third millennium is marked by unprecedented urban growth from Egypt and the
Levantine coast to the Iranian plateau and the Indus valley. Although urbanization in the …

In the Near East, the end of the third millennium bc was a tumultuous time characterized in
many regions by the demise of state society or, at the very least, the increased fragmentation …

Early Urbanizations in the Levant examines the first cycle of urbanization, collapse and
reurbanization in the 4th-2nd millennium BCE Levant. The core of the study is a detailed …

The commonly held belief that the emergence and establishment of farming communities in
the Levant was a smooth socio-economic continuum during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (ca …

Ever since early forms of pastoralist activity emerged some ten thousand years ago during
the Neolithic, pastoralism has played a critical role in shaping the economic, social and …

The origins of urbanism are a controversial subject, with neo-evolutionary progress through
graduated stages of 'civilisation'still having significant influence despite criticism, while …

The Fertile Crescent of the Ancient Near East is well known for its early cities in irrigated
farming regions. Here the authors describe the recent discovery and investigation of a …

Population growth, or, more specifically, pressure, is often viewed as being critical to the
development of food production in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near East. It is surprising …