Since the first identification of renin by Tigerstedt and Bergmann in 1898, the renin-
angiotensin system (RAS) has been extensively studied. The current view of the system is …

The renin-angiotensin system, in its classic definition, is known as an endocrine system that
exerts its actions through the effector peptide, angiotensin II, in various organs to act as a …

Angiotensin (Ang) II is not only generated in the circulation by renin and angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) but also is produced locally in numerous organs including kidney …

The RAS (renin–angiotensin system) is one of the earliest and most extensively studied
hormonal systems. The RAS is an atypical hormonal system in several ways. The major …

More than a century after its discovery, the physiological implications of the renin–
angiotensin system (RAS) continue to expand, with the identification of new components …

The renin-angiotensin system has powerful effects in control of the blood pressure and
sodium homeostasis. These actions are coordinated through integrated actions in the …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), critically involved in the control of blood pressure and
volume homeostasis, is a dual system comprising a circulating component and a local tissue …

Although more than 100 years passed from the reninangiotensin system (RAS) discovery,
new knowledge is still ceaselessly accruing in this field. The present review provides brief …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many types
of cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, aneurysms …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is now regarded as an integral component in not only
the development of hypertension, but also in physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms …