Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic
humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is …

The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has played a critical role in reducing pandemic
spread, disease severity, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the first-generation …

The development and deployment of vaccines against COVID-19 demonstrated major
successes in providing immunity and preventing severe disease and death. Yet SARS-CoV …

Based on mucosal immunization to promote both mucosal and systemic immune responses,
next-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines would be administered …

On November 7th and 8th, 2022, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), The Coalition for Epidemic …

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact
on viral transmission rates, thus aiding viral evolution, and the longevity of vaccine-induced …

SARS-CoV-2 is primarily an airborne infection of the upper respiratory tract, which on
reaching the lungs causes the severe acute respiratory disease, COVID-19. Its first contact …

Mucosal vaccines offer the potential to trigger robust protective immune responses at the
predominant sites of pathogen infection. In principle, the induction of adaptive immunity at …

Mucosal vaccines can effectively induce an immune response at the mucosal site and form
the first line of defense against microbial invasion. The induced mucosal immunity includes …

Sterilizing immunity after vaccination is desirable to prevent the spread of infection from
vaccinees, which can be especially dangerous in hospital settings while managing frail …