Like its predecessor, the revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) focuses on the learning of
L2 vowels and consonants (or “sounds,” for short) across the life-span. To define the context …

Note: Units larger than a “phonetic segment” are of course important to authentic (native-
like) production of an L2, to the perception of those phonetic segments and—very …

Second language (L2) phonological research has been conducted under either one of two
broad hypotheses, as noted by Flege (2003): the Critical Period Hypothesis …

The aim of OUT research is to understand how speech learning changes over the life span
and to explain why" earlier is better" as far as learning to pronounce a second language (L2) …

We present a test of a revised version of the Second Language Linguistic Perception (L2LP)
model, a computational model of the acquisition of second language (L2) speech perception …

Many people, especially adults, retain a foreign accent in their second language (l2) after
speaking it for many years. This and related findings have inspired great interest in the so …

Previous findings on adult second-language (L2) learners showed systematic phonetic
changes in their production of the native language (L1) starting in the first weeks of L2 …

It is axiomatic that most children, unlike adults, learn to speak and understand a second
language (L2) in a native-like manner1 (Munro, Flege, & MacKay, 1996). One of the most …

Abstract Models of second language (L2) speech learning are designed to account for
phonological acquisition in the L2. Both the Perceptual Assimilation Model of L2 speech …

This article discusses the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) as it relates to the naturalistic
acquisition of foreign-language (L2) pronunciation by adults and children. An examination of …