The reliability and effectiveness of today's electrical grids rely heavily on optimal reactive
power dispatch (ORPD). The ORPD problem gets more challenging to resolve in the setting …

Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) in electrical networks is essential for the secure
and stable operation of the entire power system; it also significantly impacts the economic …

The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem represents a fundamental concern in
the efficient and reliable operation of power systems, based on the proper coordination of …

This article proposes an improved pseudo-gradient search-particle swarm optimization (IPG-
PSO) approach for solving the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. This ORPD …

The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem represents a noncontinuous,
nonlinear, highly constrained optimization problem that has recently attracted wide research …

Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) has a crucial impact to enhance safety, reliability,
and economical operation of the electric power system. ORPD is a non-linear, non-convex …

This study presents a particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an aging leader and
challengers (ALC-PSO) for the solution of optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem …

This paper proposes a new artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA)-based framework to
investigate the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem which is a critical problem …

Well-structured reactive power policies and dispatch are major concerns of operation and
control technicians of any power system. Obtaining a suitable reactive power dispatch for …

In the domain of electric power systems, ensuring stable voltage and efficient transmission is
crucial. Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) is a vital step toward improving system …