Purpose To evaluate and form a comprehensive understanding of the effect of patient age
on bone remodeling and consequently on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) …

Introduction Orthodontic tooth movement results from increased inflammation and osteoclast
activation. Since patients of all ages now routinely seek orthodontics treatment, we …

Background: The analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be an acceptable way to
examine the ongoing biochemical processes associated with bone turnover during …

This systematic review aimed to generate evidence on role of potent markers of
inflammation [cytokines, chemokines, their associated receptors and antagonists] following …

Background: Orthodontic treatment induces a distortion of the extracellular matrix of the
periodontium, resulting in alterations in cytoskeletal configuration. Cytokines are known to …

Objectives: Bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement is related to the
expression of mediators in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). No information is available …

Various types of inflammatory mediators are involved in the cascade of biological events
behind tissue remodeling allowing orthodontic tooth movement. This split-mouth longitudinal …

This controlled longitudinal intervention study investigated changes in cytokines and
biomarkers of bone and tissue metabolism within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from …

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a biological exudate and quantification of its constituents is
a current method to identify specific biomarkers with reasonable sensitivity for several …

Objective: To evaluate the expression of an activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANK),
osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) in …