Biofouling is a critical problem in many membrane filtration processes. This review highlights
the emerging strategies for polymer membrane modifications using organic and inorganic …

Polymeric membranes, such as polyamide thin film composite membranes, have gained
increasing popularity in wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, as well as the …

Highlights•Recent advances in chemical modification of membranes to suppress
fouling.•Challenges involved with different approaches involving advanced …

Biofouling is a major problem in environmental membrane separations because it leads to
higher operating pressures, more frequent chemical cleaning, shortened membrane life, and …

Membrane-based water treatment processes have been established as a powerful
approach for clean water production. However, despite the significant advances made in …

The demand for new water resources has been increasing worldwide due to the growing
global population and industrialization. Membranes play a central role in water purification …

Fouling is the deposition of retained particles, colloids, macromolecules, salts, etc., at the
membrane surface or inside the pore at the pore wall. Fouling reduces the membrane flux …

Producing drinkable water is a major issue due to pollution and limited availability of fresh
water. Membrane-based desalination is an efficient method to produce drinkable water from …

Biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) remains a primary challenge for their wider
application, despite the growing acceptance of MBRs worldwide. Research studies on …

Membrane technology has emerged as an attractive approach for water purification, while
mitigation of fouling is key to lower membrane operating costs. This article reviews various …