Science is built on scholarly consensus that shifts with time. This raises the question of how
new and revolutionary ideas are evaluated and become accepted into the canon of science …

Disruptive research that reveals an important innovation in science can reshape existing
pathways. This paper studies the relationship between the prior knowledge the research …

Novelty is an essential feature of creative ideas, yet the building blocks of new ideas are
often embodied in existing knowledge. From this perspective, balancing atypical knowledge …

Disagreement is essential to scientific progress but the extent of disagreement in science, its
evolution over time, and the fields in which it happens remain poorly understood. Here we …

Novelty indicators are increasingly important for science policy. This paper challenges the
indicators of novelty as an atypical combination of knowledge (Uzzi et al., 2013) and as the …

We investigate the degree to which impact in science and technology is associated with
surprising breakthroughs, and how those breakthroughs arise. Identifying breakthroughs …

In many academic fields, the number of papers published each year has increased
significantly over time. Policy measures aim to increase the quantity of scientists, research …

Recently, proposed a new family of indicators, which measure whether a scientific
publication is disruptive to a field or tradition of research. Such disruptive influences are …

This study focuses on a recently introduced type of indicator measuring disruptiveness in
science. Disruptive research diverges from current lines of research by opening up new …

Breakthrough research plays an essential role in the advancement of the scientific system.
The identification and recognition of scientific breakthroughs is thus of extreme importance …