Cytokines produced by T helper cells (T h cells) have essential roles in the body's defense
against viruses. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are essential for the host defense toward …

Background Understanding the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to vaccine
development, epidemiological surveillance and disease control strategies. This systematic …

A close interaction between the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system of an individual
results in a diverse clinical manifestation of the COVID-19 disease. While adaptive immune …

The emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their abilities to evade the immune
response elicited through presently available vaccination makes it essential to recognize the …

Understanding the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to vaccine development,
epidemiological surveillance, and control strategies for this disease. This review provides …

Abstract 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) presents as a newly recognized pneumonia
and could rapidly progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome which has brought …

After the 1918 flu pandemic, the world is again facing a similar situation. However, the
advancement in medical science has made it possible to identify that the novel infectious …

Background: Although the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not
clearly defined, among the proposed mechanisms, immune system dysfunction is more …

Recently, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has broken out worldwide, 1 with rapid
increase of infected patients. COVID-19 dominantly leads to pneumonia. 2 Among these …

The Th1/Th2 balance plays a crucial role in the progression of different pathologies and is a
determining factor in the evolution of infectious diseases. This work has aimed to evaluate …