COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that first
appeared in late 2019 and has since spread across the world. It is characterized by …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of
coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease …

Since late 2019, the world has been devastated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐
19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), with more …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, starting from Wuhan, China, in December
2019, is a pandemic situation affecting millions worldwide and has exerted a huge burden …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic
in the years 2020–2022. With a high prevalence, an easy route of transmission, and a long …

Extracellular vesicles releasing from various types of cells contribute to intercellular
communication via delivering bio-molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to …

Efforts to discover antiviral drugs and diagnostic platforms have intensified to an
unprecedented level since the outbreak of COVID-19. Nano-sized endosomal vesicles …

Cytokine storms, which result from an abrupt, acute surge in the circulating levels of different
pro-inflammatory cytokines, are one of the complications associated with severe acute …

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious concern and has negatively impacted
public health and the economy. It primarily targets the lungs, causing acute respiratory …

Since the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has
spread as a new strain of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and progressed as a global …