Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key immunosuppressive role
that limits the ability of the immune system to fight cancer and hinder the antitumoral efficacy …

Macrophage plasticity is the ability of mononuclear phagocytes to change phenotype,
function, and genetic reprogramming upon encounter of specific local stimuli. In the tumor …

Poly I: C is a powerful immune adjuvant as a result of its agonist activities on TLR-3, MDA5
and RIG-I. BO-112 is a nanoplexed formulation of Poly I: C complexed with polyethylenimine …

Purpose: Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-poly-l-lysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), a
synthetic double-stranded RNA complex, is a ligand for toll-like receptor-3 and MDA-5 that …

Macrophages are essential components of the inflammatory microenvironment of tumors.
Conventional treatment modalities (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), targeted drugs …

Intratumoral therapies, especially Toll-like receptor agonists, can trigger both the innate and
adaptive immune systems. BO-112 is a nanoplexed form of polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid …

Immunotherapies have become the first line of treatment for many cancer types.
Unfortunately, only a small fraction of patients benefits from these therapies. This low rate of …

To improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines we aimed to modulate the suppressive tumor
microenvironment. In this study, the potential of intratumoral immune modulation with poly (I …

Cytokines are soluble proteins that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on the
discovery of the potent anti-tumour activities of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal …

New immunotherapeutic strategies are needed to induce effective antitumor immunity in all
cancer patients. Malignant mesothelioma is characterized by a poor prognosis and …