Quantitative measurements of colour, pattern and morphology are vital to a growing range of
disciplines. Digital cameras are readily available and already widely used for making these …

Traditional methods for colour quantification are complicated by the fact that colours change
depending on illumination, and that different observers often perceive colours differently …

Spectrophotometers allow the objective measurement of colour and as a result are rapidly
becoming a key piece of equipment in the study of animal colouration; however, they also …

The measurement of color in biology has become increasingly common. These
measurements are not limited to color vision research, but are also found in studies of …

To understand the function of colour signals in nature, we require robust quantitative
analytical frameworks to enable us to estimate how animal and plant colour patterns appear …

In understanding how visual signals function, quantifying the components of those patterns
is vital. With the ever-increasing power and availability of digital photography, many studies …

Commercial off-the-shelf digital cameras are inexpensive and easy-to-use instruments that
can be used for quantitative scientific data acquisition if images are captured in raw format …

Assessing variation in animal coloration is difficult, as animals differ in their visual system
properties. This has led some to propose that human vision can never be used to evaluate …

Background Quantifying the conspicuousness of objects against particular backgrounds is
key to understanding the evolution and adaptive value of animal coloration, and in …

Biological color may be adaptive or incidental, seasonal or permanent, species-or
population-specific, or modified for breeding, defense or camouflage. Although color is a …