Primary brain tumors are a leading cause of death worldwide and are characterized by
extraordinary heterogeneity and high invasiveness. Current drug and radiotherapy therapies …

Chemokines are a large subfamily of cytokines known for their ability to facilitate cell
migration, most notably leukocytes, throughout the body. Chemokines are necessary for a …

Malignant brain tumors lack effective treatment, that can improve their poor overall survival
achieved with standard of care. Advancement in different cancer treatments has shifted the …

Immunotherapy is now advancing at remarkable pace for tumors located in various tissues,
including the brain. Strategies launched decades ago, such as tumor antigen-specific …

Introduction: Brain tumors are a unique class of cancers since they are anatomically
shielded from normal immunosurveillance by the blood–brain barrier, lack a normal …

Human primary brain cancer is one of the most lethal and clinically challenging
malignancies. The failure of conventional therapies to alleviate its poor outcome has …

Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumours, remain universally lethal. Yet,
seminal discoveries in the past 5 years have clarified the anatomy, genetics and function of …

Immunotherapy has enabled remarkable therapeutic responses across cancers of various
lineages, albeit with some notable exceptions such as glioblastoma. Several previous …

Opinion statement Primary brain tumors account for a minor fraction of cancer diagnoses
made worldwide and remain one of the most difficult to treat. Despite ongoing efforts to …

Modest improvement in brain tumor patient survival has been achieved through advances in
surgical, adjuvant radiation and chemotherapeutic strategies. However, these traditional …