In many academic fields, the number of papers published each year has increased
significantly over time. Policy measures aim to increase the quantity of scientists, research …

New ideas no longer fuel economic growth the way they once did. A popular explanation for
stagnation is that good ideas are harder to find, rendering slowdown inevitable. We present …

CITATIONS, ACCORDING TO THE CONVEN-tional wisdom, are the glue that binds a
research paper to the body ofknowledge in a particular field and a measure ofthe paper's …

Debates over the pros and cons of a “publish or perish” philosophy have inflamed academia
for at least half a century. Growing concerns, in particular, are expressed for policies that …

Theories of scientific and technological change view discovery and invention as
endogenous processes,, wherein previous accumulated knowledge enables future progress …

Nobel Prizes are commonly seen to be among the most prestigious achievements of our
times. Based on mining several million citations, we quantitatively analyze the processes …

Scientists and inventors can draw on an ever-expanding literature for the building blocks of
tomorrow's ideas, yet little is known about how combinations of past work are related to …

This paper explores the complex relationship between scientific novelty and technological
impact. We measure novel science as publications which make new combinations of prior …

Background In contrast to Newton's well-known aphorism that he had been able “to see
further only by standing on the shoulders of giants,” one attributes to the Spanish …

Despite persistent efforts in understanding the creativity of scientists over different career
stages, little is known about the underlying dynamics of research topic switching that drives …