High-density base station (BS) will bring the problem of frequent handover to mobile Internet
of Things (IoT) devices. Frequent handover will lead to Quality-of-Service (QoS) problems …

By enabling 5G technology, IoT networks can improve the performance of connected IoT
devices. However, handover, ping-pong effect and load balancing are critical issues …

Like smartphone applications, Internet of Things (IoT) can also utilize location information for
its potential services. When IoT devices are attached to a mobile network, IoT services are …

With the explosive increase in traffic volume in fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless
networks, an ultra-dense network (UDN) architecture, composed of highly concentrated …

In the ultra-dense network (UDN), terminals may be exposed to more frequent handover
than ever due to smaller cell radius. Employing the handover protocol of the received signal …

A traditional 4G handover algorithm that performs well in a macro-cell-only network could
not be employed in the 5G network with the random distribution of small base stations due to …

3GPP divides the deployment of 5G networks into an initial version of a non-standalone
network (NSN) and a mid-to-late version of a standalone network (SN). It further subdivides it …

The enormous developments in new generation networks reveal the high bandwidth
requirements of mobile users. Therefore, wireless communications technologies move …

Increasing spectrum efficiency in new-generation communication networks is possible by
raising the operating frequencies or increasing the number of serving cells. Both of the …

Abstract 5G ultra-dense network can get more cell splitting gain through high-density base
station deployment, which has higher spectral efficiency and capacity than LTE. However …