Highlights•Caregiving experiences influence corticolimbic circuitry and emotional
development.•Effects of adverse caregiving depend on the timing of exposure.•Infancy may …

Across species, caregivers exert a powerful influence on the neural and behavioral
development of offspring. Increasingly, both animal and human research has highlighted …

Studies of early life extremes such as trauma, abuse, and neglect highlight the critical
importance of quality caregiving in the development of brain circuits supporting emotional …

Highlights•Early caregiving adversity is associated with poor mental health
outcomes.•Across species, adversity accelerates the developmental trajectory of emotion …

Background Adolescence has been proposed to be a period of heightened sensitivity to
environmental influence. If true, adolescence may present a window of opportunity for …

Abstract Purpose of Review Early caregiver-child relationships are foundational to early
development and central to efforts to promote well-being and prevent psychopathology. We …

The nature and consequences of threat in the caregiving environment have been widely
studied and discussed. The construct of psychosocial neglect, however, has received less …

From a conditional adaptation vantage point, early life caregiving adversity likely enhances
aspects of cognition needed to manage interpersonal threats. Yet, research examining early …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Across mammalian species, mothers
shape socio-emotional development and serve as essential external regulators of infant …

Early adversity is a major risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology across
development. Identifying mechanisms that support resilience, or favorable mental health …