Nowadays, most of the geographical areas are covered by multiple heterogeneous
networks. Moving terminals within these areas usually switch from a network to another for …

Cognitive Radio networks (CR) is a new technique that uses available unlicensed spectrum
band this is due to the limited number of fixed licensed spectrum bands [1]. The main …

Energy efficiency in cellular and wireless networks is among the major concerns of the
industry. This is of particular significance for some rural areas and for developing countries …

In Cognitive Radio Networks, secondary users are required to handoff from a wireless
channel to another in order to cope with the dynamic spectrum environment imposed by …

Cognitive radio is a technology used to improve spectrum utilization by allowing temporary
access of unutilized licensed spectrum of primary user (PU) to the secondary user (SU) …

Cognitive radio networks (CRN) are a new technology that offers a promising solution to the
problem of spectrum scarcity. To ensure optimal spectrum utilization, when the primary user …

Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is a new technique that utilizes available unlicensed
spectrum bands due to limited numbers of fixed licensed spectrum bands. It consists of four …

Rapid developments in wireless communication technology has increased huge demand for
spectrum bands. This has raised the problem of spectrum scarcity, to meet such demands …

The last decade has witnessed tremendous increase in the use of wireless applications in
all walks of life. Consequently, the availability of treasurable and limited electromagnetic …

Gradual request for radio frequencies makes the traditional static spectrum allocation unable
to cover all users' needs in terms of spectrum resources. Accordingly, it is extremely …