The urinary system, comprising the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, has a unique
mechanical and fluid microenvironment, which is essential to the urinary system growth and …

The urothelium covers the inner surface of the urinary tract, forming a urinary tract barrier.
Impairment of the integrity and dysfunction of the urinary tract barrier is associated with the …

We have developed a re-usable multi-layer microfluidic device to model the human kidney
that incorporates a porous growth substrate, physiological fluid flow, and the passive …

The renal proximal tubule epithelium is responsible for active secretion of endogenous and
exogenous waste products from the body and simultaneous reabsorption of vital compounds …

Microfluidics is considered an important technology that is suitable for numerous biomedical
applications, including cancer diagnosis, metastasis, drug delivery, and tissue engineering …

In the past two decades, significant advances have been achieved for the emergence and
rapid growth of in vivo-like in vitro cell culture platforms, especially organ-on-a-chip, which …

The development of curative therapy for bladder dysfunction is usually hampered owing to
the lack of reliable ex vivo human models that can mimic the complexity of the human …

Renal disease is a global problem with unsustainable health-care costs. There currently
exists a lack of accurate human renal disease models that take into account the complex …

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that surrounds the urethra of males at the base of the
bladder comprising a muscular portion, which controls the release of urine, and a glandular …

Microfluidics is an essential technique used in the development of in vitro models for
mimicking complex biological systems. The microchip with microfluidic flows offers the …