Summary The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19,
which is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic. There is currently a lack …

In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there remain unanswered
questions regarding the nature and significance of the humoral immune response toward …

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel betacoronavirus that caused coronavirus disease 2019 and has
resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Novel coronavirus infections in humans have …

Abstract Development of antibody protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection is a pressing
question for public health and for vaccine development. We developed highly sensitive …

In order to properly understand the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of
humoral immunity, researchers have evaluated the presence of serum antibodies of people …

Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of
protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for …

Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are losing efficacy against emerging variants and may not
protect against future novel coronavirus outbreaks, emphasizing the need for more broadly …

Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread
worldwide as a severe pandemic. Although its seroprevalence is highly variable among …

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally as a severe …