Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying the complex etiology of mood
disorders, represented mainly by major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The 1996 …

The mood disorders major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are prevalent, are
inadequately treated, and little is known about their etiologies. A better understanding of the …

Despite many decades of clinical use, the therapeutic target of lithium remains uncertain. It is
recognized that therapeutic concentrations of lithium, through competition with the similarly …

The enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a direct target of lithium. While originally
recognized as an important molecule in a limited number of cellular processes, with unclear …

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) has recently been linked to mood disorders and
schizophrenia, and the neurotransmitter systems and therapeutic treatments associated with …

Li X, Liu M, Cai Z, Wang G, Li X. Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3 during bipolar
mania treatment. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 741–752.© 2010 The Authors. Journal …

There exists an immediate need to develop novel medications for the treatment of mood
disorders such as bipolar disorder and depression. Initial interest in glycogen synthase …

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), originally described as a negative regulator of
glycogen synthesis, is a molecular hub linking numerous signaling pathways in a cell …

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a fascinating enzyme with an astoundingly diverse
number of actions in intracellular signaling systems. GSK3β activity is regulated by serine …

Bipolar disorder, characterized by extreme manic and depressive moods, is a prevalent
debilitating disease of unknown etiology. Because mood stabilizers, antipsychotics …