Gut microbiota is an important modulator of human health and contributes to high inter-
individual variation in response to food and pharmaceutical ingredients. The clinical …

Highlights•Microbiota-directed fiber with a discrete structure is proposed as targeted
prebiotics.•The prebiotics paradigm shifts to target next-generation probiotics and …

The essential role of the gut microbiota for health has generated tremendous interest in
modulating its composition and metabolic function. One of these strategies is prebiotics …

The early stages of the metagenomics era produced countless observational studies linking
various human diseases to alterations in the gut microbiota. Only recently have we begun to …

Over the last decade, our understanding of the composition and functions of the gut
microbiota has greatly increased. To a large extent, this has been due to the development of …

Highlights•Review the emerging area of manipulation of the microbiota through
diet.•Discuss state-of-the-art for probiotics and prebiotics and the emergence of postbiotics.• …

The spread of the Western lifestyle has been accompanied by microbial changes thought to
underlie the emergence of chronic, nontransmissible, immune-related diseases. The past …

Multidisciplinary approaches enabled a better understanding of the connection between
human gut microbes and health. This knowledge is rapidly changing how we think about …

Homo sapiens harbor trillions of microbes, whose microbial metagenome (collective
genome of a microbial community) using omic validation interrogation tools is estimated to …

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and probiotics have
emerged as a promising microbiota-targeted therapy for improving human health. However …