Background: Cancer patients often display dysfunctional antitumor T-cell responses.
Because noteworthy benefits of immune checkpoint pathway blockade, such as …

The discovery of immune checkpoints and subsequent clinical development of checkpoint
inhibitors have revolutionized the field of oncology. The durability of the antitumor immune …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy.
Even though it has shown a durable response in some solid tumors, several patients do not …

The ability of tumor cells to avoid immune destruction (immune escape) as well as their
acquired resistance to anti-cancer drugs constitute important barriers to the successful …

Recent advances in the understating of tumor immunology suggest that cancer
immunotherapy is an effective treatment against various types of cancer. In particular, the …

Checkpoint blockade has formally demonstrated that reactivating anti-tumor immune
responses can regress tumors. However, this only occurs in a fraction of patients …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) or
its ligand PD-L1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) pathways have improved …

Current immune checkpoint-modulating agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy in
certain tumor types, particularly those with a high burden of tumor-specific neoantigens, high …

Background The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins and the mechanisms by which
cancer cells utilize them to evade the immune system has transformed our approach to …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy are now
FDA-approved treatment options for different cancer types. However, the therapeutic efficacy …