Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway regulate many
cellular processes and are essential for immune cells function. Their activity is controlled by …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB
activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for …

Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 tend to have high levels of proinflammatory
cytokines, which eventually lead to cytokine storm and the development of acute respiratory …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to cause substantial morbidity and …

Abstract Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) acts as a cytoplasmic RNA
sensor to detect viral dsRNA and mediates type I interferon (IFN) signaling and antiviral …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating
global pandemic, infecting over 43 million people and claiming over 1 million lives, with …

Most deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)-related respiratory failure. Cytokine storms and oxidative stress are the major …

The COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. A large number of
clinical studies found high-level expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients …

SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogenic agent of COVID-19, which has evolved into a global
pandemic. Compared with some other respiratory RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is a poor …

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